The name Testa Rossa means 'red head' in Italian and was in reference to the re-painted cam covers on the 12-cylinder engines. It was built as a replacement to the Ferrari Berlinetta Boxer, which itself had replaced the front-engined Daytona. The Testarossa was designed to correct some of the shortcomings of the Ferrari BB 512i, including the cabin which would rise in temperature due to the indoor plumbing that ran between the front-mounted radiator and the mid-mounted engine. Another drawback was the lack of luggage space. To resolve these issues, the Testarossa was half a foot wider than the Boxer and it had an increased wheelbase. The additional room allowed for extra storage space behind the seats and the higher roofline allowed for more headroom.
The design was by Pininfarina, led by design chief Leonardo Fioravanti with a team that included Ian Cameron, Guido Campoli, Diego Ottina, and Emanuele Nicosia. The outcome included the iconic side strakes, often known as 'cheese graters' or 'egg slicers', and a single high-mounted side view mirror on the driver's side. The U.S. destined examples had the mirror positioned lower and was soon joined by a passenger-side mirror. Twin side radiators were placed near the engine at the rear, eliminating the piping and allowing the cabin to be cooler.
The engine was a 4.9-liter naturally aspirated, longitudinally-mounted, 180-degree Ferrari flat-12 unit. It had a similar displacement and compression ratio to the BB 512i, but with red-painted cylinder heads. There were dual overhead cams, four valves per cylinder (a total of 48), and a dry-sump lubrication system. The engine offered 385 horsepower at 6,300 RPM and 361 lb/ft of torque. Early U.S. examples had slightly less power, at 380 bhp. The suspension was similar to its predecessor, with double wishbones in the front and rear. In the back were coil springs, twin telescopic shock absorbers on each side, and an anti-roll bar. This setup continued until the mid-1988 when it was redesigned and the wheels were changed to the standard Ferrari five-bolt pattern.
The rear wheels were originally 10-inch wide alloys. They were a magnesium single bolt 'knockoff' style wrapped in Michelin TRX tires. The tires measured 240/45 VR 415 at the front and 280/45 VR 415 at the rear. By 1986, the wheels were changed to a standard 16 inches diameter, with a width of 8 inches at the front and 10 inches at the rear. The United States market, however, received the metric-sized TRX wheels until the 1989 model year.
Zero-to-sixty was accomplished in 5.3 seconds, and top speed was achieved at 180 mph. The Testarossa was introduced for the 1985 model year and would remain in production until 1991, with 7,177 examples built.
The Testarossa was followed by the 512 TR in 1991 and would remain in production for a short time, until 1994, with 2,261 examples built. Power was from a 4.9-liter engine offering 428 horsepower and 362 lb/ft of torque. Zero-to-sixty took just 4.8 seconds and had a top speed of 195 mph.
The final evolution of the Testarossa was the F512M (Modificata), and 501 examples were built. Most were left-hand-drive with just 75 having right-hand-drive configuration. The flat-12 engine displaced 4.9 liters and offered 440 horsepower and 370 ft/lbs of torque. The most visual change was to the front which now had fixed headlights, rather than the older retractable units. The nose was restyled in a similar fashion to the F355 and the 456, which new turn signal indicators and fog lamps. The back retained styling cues from its siblings and was fitted with round taillights, which were similar to the ones found on the F355. Minor changes were made to the interior, with a modern steering wheel, adjustable aluminum pedals, a chrome-finished gearknob, a more refined air-conditioning system, and updated trim. New five-spoke alloy wheels were also fitted at the four corners.
Underneath, the suspension received modifications with gas-filled shock absorbers and a Bosch ABS system. The engine had the same cubic capacity and fuel-injection system found on the 512 TR, but with several internal modifications, which helped raise the power to 440 bhp. Titanium alloy connecting rods and new forged aluminum pistons were fitted, along with a lightened crankshaft, which helped raise the compression ratio to 10.4:1. The rise in horsepower was also aided by a new stainless steel exhaust system.
The 512M was the final evolution of the Testarossa and would be the last Ferrari to be powered by a flat-12-cylinder engine.
by Dan Vaughan