2012 Toyota GT 86

Toyota's eagerly awaited, compact 2+2 sports car, the GT 86, makes its European debut at the 2012 Geneva Motor Show.

On sale throughout Europe in the summer of 2012, the Toyota GT 86 is an entirely driver-oriented vehicle. It gives form to the pure, intrinsic joy of driving through precise, instantaneous response to even the smallest throttle or §teering inputs, for those who regard driving as a passion rather than a necessity.

With a low, highly aerodynamic bodyshell stretched tight over the engineering hard points, the new GT 86 is based on an entirely new platform. Shunning a heavy, large displacement powertrain for its performance, the GT 86 returns to Toyota's sporting roots wîth the world's only combination of a compact, front-mounted, free-revving, horizontally opposed 'boxer' petrol engine and rear-wheel drive.

This unique powertrain format combines wîth the world's most compact four-seat design, light weight, low inertia and a low centre of gravity for the best possible power-to-weight ratio. These attributes award the GT 86 lively, accessible performance, highly engaging, readily exploitable dynamic abilities wîth minimal electronic intrusion, and maximum driving pleasure.

Conceived to focus specifically on the purity of the classic sports car experience, designed by a passionate team of engineers, honed through competition and fine-tuned to satisfy the most discerning enthusiast, The GT 86 inherits the spirit of former Toyota sports cars to reward drivers wîth pure driving involvement.

The Number 86

Though paying homage to both the exhilarating drivability of the Corolla Levin AE86 and its unique relationship wîth owners, enthusiasts and tuning shops, the number 86 has played a further, significant role throughout the development of Toyota's new sports car.

The boxer engine's square bore and stroke set-up of 86 mm x 86 mm proves ideal, remaining faithful to Toyota's long, sports engine history. The legendary 3M engine of the 2000GT and the 1G-G engine of the Supra were both in-line six-cylinder configurations wîth a square bore and stroke of 75 mm. And the in-line, four-cylinder unit in the Celica and MR2 had a square bore and stroke of 86 mm.

Even the diameter of the Toyota GT 86's chrome-tipped exhaust opening measures exactly 86 mm…

Packaged to Deliver the Últimate in Sports Driving Enjoyment


4,240 mm long, 1,775 mm wide, only 1,285 mm high and wîth a wheelbase of 2,570 mm, the new GT 86 is the world's most compact four-seater sports car.

Comprehensive weight saving measures result in a vehicle mass of around 1,200kg.

The flat-four format of the front-mounted boxer engine combines wîth the lowest driver hip-point of any Toyota production vehicle -just 400 mm- to give the GT 86 an ultra-low centre of gravity of only 460 mm.

Both the powertrain and driving position have been set as low and as far back as possible to optimise balance, giving the GT 86 near-perfect, 53:47 weight distribution. The ideal static weight distribution varies according to engine power; a 51:49 front bias suiting vehicles wîth approximately 150 hp, a similar chassis wîth 300 hp better suited to a 50:50 distribution.

Toyota engineers established that, during spirited driving, the Toyota GT 86's 53:47 front bias produced the ideal response to even subtle §teering, throttle and brake inputs, allowing drivers to readily control dynamic weight distribution for the best possible vehicle behaviour.

Fine-tuning of the GT 86's suspension, brakes and §teering maximises the benefits of its minimal mass, supercar-rivalling lack of inertia and ultra-low centre of gravity, allowing drivers to fully exploit the purity of the new Toyota sports car's outstandingly nimble handling, dynamic agility and cornering poise.

The front MacPherson strut and rear double wishbone suspension systems have been fine-tuned to react instantly to driver input. At 23 N/mm, the GT 86's front spring rates are, in fact, softer than the 25 N/mm settings of its Subaru counterpart. This softer front spring rate deliberately allows for slight body roll on initial turn-in, creating the perfect relationship between §teering feel and vehicle behaviour exhibited by a classic front-engine/rear-drive platform.

Large, powerful ventilated disc brakes to both front and rear wheels offer a different brake pedal feel to that of any other Toyota. Brake response to pedal input has been tuned to provide precise modulation, assisting drivers in car control finesse by allowing for the smoothest possible dynamic weight transfer under braking.

Paying tribute to the legendary Black Racing wheels of the AE86, The GT 86's 17' alloy wheels feature a unique centre hub design. Toyota's traditional centre cap diameter is 60 mm, but this has been reduced to 49 mm, saving weight for no loss of rigidity, whilst making the spokes appear longer, and the wheels larger.

Toyota engineers determined that the dynamic potential of the Toyota GT 86 should not rely on high-performance tyres, and the new sports car is equipped wîth identical 17' tyres to those fitted to the Prius.

With very neutral, predictable properties, these tyres allow drivers to exploit the maximum potential of the chassis and suspension. Engineering the GT 86 to handle well on Prius tyres also ensures that customers who upgrade to high performance tyres will readily appreciate the net performance again.

World First Horizontally Opposed Engine wîth Toyota D-4S technology


The GT 86's 2.0 litre, naturally-aspirated petrol engine is the result of a joint development between Subaru and Toyota, bringing together their technical know-how and mutual passion for sports cars.

To Subaru's newly developed, horizontally opposed, 1,998cc, four-cylinder boxer engine, Toyota has added its D-4S technology. With separate twin injectors for both direct and port injection, and a high compression ratio of 12.5:1, D-4S increases power and torque over a wide range of engine speeds without sacrificing fuel efficiency and environmental performance.

With a namesake 86 mm x 86 mm bore and stroke, the new engine develops 200 DIN hp at 7,000 rpm and maximum torque of 205 Nm at 6,600 rpm, giving the GT 86 brisk, engaging performance and a top speed of over 220 km/h. Conversely, the new Toyota sports car returns an estimated average fuel consumption of 6.9 l/100 km, and generates low CO2 emissions of around 160 g/km.

The flat-four engine may be mated to either a six-speed manual or six-speed automatic transmission. (posted on conceptcarz.com) The manual transmission offers quick, precise shifting via the highly engaging action of a tactile, short-throw lever, whilst the automatic transmission is controlled by sporting, §teering wheel-mounted paddle shifts.

Power is distributed to the rear wheels via a limited slip differential, optimising traction and grip under all driving conditions. And the GT 86's ABS and switchable VSC safety systems have been specifically tuned to combine dynamic stability at the limit of the vehicle's performance envelope wîth minimal electronic intrusion on the purity of the driving experience.

Evocative Design Combining Iconic Styling wîth Functional Beauty


Designed under the 'Neo Functionalism' concept, the GT 86 combines the technical constraints of the most compact dimensions possible, a low centre of gravity and excellent, F1 technology-inspired aerodynamic performance wîth evocative, sweeping styling recalling the heritage of past Toyota sports cars.

The bold, simple yet iconic styling incorporates two key pillars of a new Toyota design language: Únder Priority frontal design, which places the emphasis on an enlarged lower grille, focusing attention on the lower part of the car for a distinctive, more assertive appearance, and a Keen Look approach for clear, intelligent and expressive styling.

The new design language is enhanced by bold 'scorpion' styling to the lower grille, giving the Toyota GT 86 an even more aggressive, sporting appearance. Further sporting details include an exclusive, T-mesh grille design, purpose made 17' alloy wheels, a rear spoiler, twin rear exhausts wîth a connecting rod motif at the tip and the front wing-mounted '86' piston logo.

The '86' piston logo not only highlights the car's unique, front boxer engine rear-wheel drive powertrain format, but also represents the vehicle tyres sliding in a four-wheel drift, highlighting the perfect balance of the GT 86 at the limits of the performance envelope.

The GT 86 design uses a unique concept called 'Aero Sandwiching'. The car is pushed by air from the top, bottom and both sides -basically sandwiched by air from all directions- which stabilises it both vertically and horizontally. In this way the car is stabilised wîth no negative impact on the drag coeffiecient.

The dented contour on the 'pagoda' roof is an example of this system at work, and similar treatment has also been applied to the underbody. Additionally, stabilising canard fins known as 'sakana' (meaning 'fish' in Japanese), are attached throughout. The location of sakana both on the sides and the underbody of the GT 86 further contribute to lateral stability.

Ergonomic, Functional, Driver Focused Cockpit

Toyota has a 50 year history of creating exciting, driver-focused, front-engined rear-wheel drive sports cars that have proved as popular wîth the public as they have been successful in competition.

The new GT 86 captures the best elements of three key models from that rich sporting heritage: the Toyota Sports 800, the Toyota 2000GT and the AE86.

Though the GT 86 launches as the world's only front-mounted horizontally opposed engine and rear-wheel drive package, it cannot claim to be the first. That honour goes to Toyota's two-cylinder boxer engined Sports 800, which the company began developing in 1962.

With its compact body and excellent fuel efficiency, the Sports 800 achieved great success in endurance races. The low centre of gravity of the boxer engine and front-engine, rear-drive powertrain format was considered ideal for a car providing maximum driving entertainment. For this reason, the GT 86 has adopted this classic layout for the first time since the Toyota Sports 800.

The beautiful 2000GT, a 2.0 litre straight-six-powered coupe first displayed at the 1965 Tokyo Motor Show, helped establish the company's global reputation as a sports car manufacturer.

Even now, its styling appears sophisticated, cool and fresh. During the development of the GT 86, a 2000GT was put next to the clay model of new sports car being developed by the designers. Without receiving any specific instructions, the designers continued their work, occasionally lòòking at the 2000GT. As a result, their work infused the Toyota GT 86 wîth the spirit of the 2000GT without imitating it.

From the AE86, the GT 86 inherits not its hardware, but its spirit. The AE86 was not an extreme sports car. It was moderately priced, wîth a mass-produced engine and a compact, front engine, rear-wheel drive body.

The Corolla Levin AE86's front engined, rear-wheel drive powertrain, compact dimensions, light weight, impeccable balance and superior power-to-weight ratio made it the must-have choice for rallying and circuit driving throughout its 1983-1987 production life.

A genuinely lightweight machine which offers the intimacy and involvement of a car that can be driven as if it were an extension of the driver's body, the Toyota GT 86 perfectly recaptures the exhilarating spirit of the last Corolla Levin AE86 and, wîth numerous customisable parts, shares its aim to be an affordable car that evolves wîth its owner.

Source - Toyota

TMC to Exhibit '86' Sports Car at Tokyo Motor Show

Toyota City, Japan, November 27, 2011—Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC) will display a production prototype of the '86' compact rear-wheel-drive sports car, scheduled for launch in the spring of 2012, at the 42nd Tokyo Motor Show 2011. The show, to be held at Tokyo Big Sight in Koto Ward, Tokyo, will be open to the public from November 30 through December 111.

With the shared desire to provide the dream and joy of cars, TMC and Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd. (owners of the Subaru-brand) worked together to develop the 86 as a unique rear-wheel-drive vehicle, wîth intuitive handling, that embodies the essence of driving enjoyment.

The 86 features the world's first horizontally opposed D-4S engine, created by combining Subaru's engine technology wîth Toyota's cutting-edge D-4S direct injection technology. The engine is installed front mid-ship to establish the world's only horizontally opposed engine and rear-wheel-drive package. As a result, the 86 offers fun driving at a level unprecedented in earlier sports cars.

The 86, wîth numerous customizable parts and fresh, new potential of sports-car enjoyment suited to the times, carries on the spirit of the AE862 in it's aim to be a car that evolves wîth its owner.

Vehicle Outline

A New Lightweight, Compact, Low-center-of-gravity, and Low-inertia Package Offers A New Dimension in Handling wîth an Exhilarating Shift Feel

The exclusive lightweight and compact rear-wheel-drive platform was designed to achieve superior handling and create the world's smallest3 mass-production four-passenger sports car.

The power unit is located front mid-ship to create an ultra-low center of gravity and low inertia that rivals that of supercars. The transmission is available as a six-speed manual transmission or a special sports-driving six-speed automatic transmission wîth the feel of a manual.

World's First Horizontally Opposed D-4S Engine Provides High Output and Excellent Environmental Performance

The vehicle's newly developed engine realizes higher output and better environmental performance, to create exceptional output and torque performance as well as superior response at low and medium speeds.

The D-4S, wîth separate twin injectors for both direct injection and port injection, boasts a high compression ratio of 12.5. This provides high output and high torque over a wide range of engine speeds and contributes to improved environmental performance.

The engine's maximum allowable speed exceeds 7000 RPM, wîth a maximum output of 200 horsepower (PS). The engine still realizes fuel efficiency and environmental performance that rivals that of a 2-liter-engine sedan. (concept carz)

The Últimate in Sports Driving Enjoyment
By adopting an ultra-low center of gravity, the 86 has the lowest hip-point of any Toyota-brand production vehicle and creates a driving position suited for never-before-experienced driving enjoyment.

The rear seatbacks fold down to the front to create a luggage space that can accommodate four sports wheels or two golf bags.

Úniversal Function and Aesthetic Beauty


Exterior
Starting wîth a low-center of gravity and excellent aerodynamic performance in pursuit of a low, fun, and attractive car, the 86 warmly embodies advanced performance that makes driving pleasurable and seeks an enduring and universal beauty of form.

The front features a unique, sharp design that gives the impression of a predator about to pounce. The sides effuse the heritage of Toyota sports cars and a modern design style is employed in the side window designs and rear fenders. The rear view expresses a wide and sturdy center of balance despite the condensed and compact cabin.

Interior
The interior design seeks the essence of sports cars by examining driving needs in detail and emphasizing functional components and operability to optimize the form, placement and materials of each element.

The seatbacks and cushion surfaces are designed to provide support during acceleration g-forces from the front, the back and to the sides. In addition, the shape of the front seats is designed to prevent elbows from interfering wîth gearshift operation.

The circular §teering wheel has a diameter of 365 mm, the smallest in a Toyota-brand vehicle. The wheel's surface was optimized wîth exhaustive feedback from test drivers to enhance §teering performance and grip.

A three-cluster meter built around the tachometer has been designed wîth particular attention paid to display placement, markings and typeface to enhance visibility and readability during sports driving.

Source - Toyota